Tetracycline in Doxycycline is used for chronic infections. The drug is effective in acne, chlamydia, respiratory tract infections and tick-borne diseases. It is distinguished by a wide spectrum of action and good tolerability. Recommended for adults and adolescents, the dosage depends on the severity of the infection. Used for long-term control of bacterial growth.
no RX
Dosage | Package | Per Item | Per Pack | Order |
100 mg |
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The drug is known in medical practice under the trade name Doxycycline. This designation is assigned to the drug in pharmaceutical registries and is used by healthcare professionals and patients to identify it in pharmacies and medical institutions. The name reflects the belonging of the drug to a certain group of antibiotics and has become widely recognized due to its use in the therapy of various infectious diseases. The developers chose this name to distinguish it from other drugs with similar properties, emphasizing its effectiveness and versatility.
The international nonproprietary name of this medicine is doxycycline. This term has been adopted by the international community to designate the active ingredient that provides the therapeutic action. Doxycycline belongs to the tetracycline class, known for its wide range of antibacterial activity. The name is standardized by the World Health Organization and is used universally, which allows a unified approach to the prescription and production of this drug regardless of region or brand.
The drug is presented in several forms, which makes it convenient for use depending on the clinical situation and the age of the patient. The main options include:
Each form is tailored for specific use: capsules and tablets are suitable for outpatient treatment, injections for emergency therapy in hospital settings, and syrup for children or patients with difficulty swallowing solid dosage forms.
The main active ingredient is doxycycline, an antibiotic from the group of tetracyclines, which has a pronounced antibacterial effect. Depending on the form of release, the auxiliary components may differ. In capsules, the following are used:
Tablets may add croscarmellose sodium as a disintegrant and a film coating of hypromellose. The solution for injection contains mannitol as a stabilizer, as well as water for injection and pH adjusters such as sodium hydroxide. The syrup includes sucrose to improve taste, flavorings (such as raspberry), and preservatives to extend shelf life.
The drug has bacteriostatic action by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacterial cells. It binds to the 30S-subunit of ribosomes, disrupting the translation process and the formation of peptide chains, which stops the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. The activity extends to a wide range of pathogens, including Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus anthracis) and Gram-negative microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae). Of particular value is its action against intracellular pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Rickettsia spp.
The mechanism of action allows it to effectively fight infections resistant to other classes of antibiotics, such as penicillins or cephalosporins. The drug also has anti-inflammatory properties, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, making it useful in some non-infectious conditions such as acne or rosacea. The effect occurs within hours of initiating therapy, providing control of the infectious process.
After oral administration, the active substance is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, predominantly in the upper small intestine. Maximum concentration in plasma is reached in 2-3 hours. Bioavailability is 90-100%, which is higher than that of other tetracyclines due to lower sensitivity to the formation of chelates with metal ions. Taking food, especially rich in calcium or magnesium, reduces absorption by 20-30%, so it is recommended to take the drug on an empty stomach.
The component is well distributed in the body, penetrating into the lungs, liver, kidneys, bones, skin and soft tissues. Binding to plasma proteins reaches 80-93%, which provides a stable presence in the blood. The drug is able to accumulate in tissues, including dental enamel and bone tissue, which is important to take into account during prolonged use. Penetration through the blood-brain barrier is limited, but increases with inflammatory processes in the cerebral membranes.
Metabolism is minimal: about 60-70% of the dose taken remains unchanged. A small portion is metabolized in the liver to form inactive derivatives, which reduces the burden on this organ compared to other antibiotics.
It is excreted through the kidneys (30-40% unchanged) and with bile (40-60%), partially through the intestine. The elimination half-life is 16-22 hours, which allows taking the drug 1-2 times a day. Prolonged excretion provides a stable concentration in tissues, which is especially useful in chronic infections.
The drug is used for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive microorganisms:
The drug is also used for chronic inflammatory conditions such as rosacea and as prophylaxis after tick bites in endemic areas.
Application is prohibited in:
With caution prescribe in gastric diseases (ulcer, gastritis) and photosensitivity.
Capsules or tablets are taken orally, drinking plenty of water (200-250 ml), preferably on an empty stomach 1-2 hours before a meal or 2 hours after to avoid interaction with food. It is recommended to take sitting or standing to prevent esophageal irritation. Solution for injection is administered by intravenous drip (within 1-2 hours) after dilution in physiologic solution.
Dosage depends on the nature of the infection:
In renal insufficiency, no correction is necessary due to excretion through the bile. In hepatic insufficiency:
Unwanted reactions include:
Treatment should be discontinued if symptoms are severe.
Exceeding the dose causes nausea, vomiting, dizziness, convulsions, increased intracranial pressure.
In overdose:
The medication affects:
Alcohol reduces efficacy and increases toxicity, it is avoided. Dairy products slow absorption.
It is contraindicated in pregnancy (category D) and lactation due to the risk to the fetus and child.
Dizziness may make it difficult to drive or operate machinery.
In the elderly, monitoring of liver function is required. Do not use in children under 8 years of age due to risk to teeth and bones.